After a freeze what should I do for my garden plants?

After a freeze, the most important thing to do for your garden plants is to be patient and monitor your plants closely as they may still recover even if they appear freeze damaged at first. Key points:

• Water carefully: Water the soil around the base of the plants to rehydrate the soil. Do not water the plant’s leaves as this will further stress the plant. This may help the plants recover once the temperatures have warmed up. 
• Mulch application: Add a layer of mulch around the base of plants to help insulate the roots and protect them from further cold damage.
• Wait to prune: Avoid pruning or removing dead foliage immediately as you may accidentally cut away live tissue. 
• Check for life: Wait until the temperatures have warmed up so that you can assess the full extent of the freeze damage. On woody plants, scratch the bark to see if there is still green tissue underneath indicating a potential for recovery. Gently touch and bend branches. If they snap easily, they're likely dead. Then only remove the dead parts. Some plants may prematurely drop their leaves as defense mechanism. The appearance of freeze damage can vary greatly depending on the type of plant, the severity of the freeze, and the duration of exposure to freezing temperatures.   
• Be patient: Some plants may appear dead but recover later. Some plants will appear to die to the ground surface and grow back (often better) from the root ball under the ground.
• Observe: Watch for signs of new growth in the coming weeks.
• Fertilize: Avoid fertilizing immediately after a freeze. Wait until the new growth appears.

Here's a breakdown of what happens when a plant is susceptible to freezing: 

• Ice Crystal Formation: As temperatures drop below freezing, water inside the plant's cells begins to freeze and expand.   
• Cell Rupture: The expanding ice crystals put immense pressure on the delicate cell walls. This pressure can cause the cells to burst leading to tissue damage. Damaged cells can no longer function properly, affecting the plant's ability to transport water, nutrients, and photosynthesize.   
• Wilting: Water loss and disrupted water transport can cause the plant to wilt or collapse. The damaged tissues may appear brown, black, or discolored.   
• Death: In severe cases, extensive cell damage can lead to the death of the plant.​